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The Story of Texas

Learn about the pivotal events, movements, and power struggles that have shaped Texas government and public life.

Don’t be intimidated by history—it’s not just for scholars and know-it-alls. Texapedia makes it easy to explore the past with clear, engaging articles written in plain language, not academic jargon. Whether you’re curious about the ‘Wild West’ era, the Republic of Texas, or the Civil War, you’ll find maps, photos, and stories that bring it all to life.

Why Study History?

The basic nature of humanity is unchanging through the ages. Politics changes, technology, the economy, the environment, culture—all change. Yet humankind tends to repeat the same follies and to forget hard-learned lessons, age after age. For this reason, the ancient book of wisdom known as Ecclesiastes observed,

“What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done, and there is nothing new under the sun. Is there a thing of which it is said, ‘See, this is new’? It has been already in the ages before us. There is no remembrance of former things, nor will there be any remembrance of later things yet to be among those who come after” (Eccl. 1:9-11, ESV).

The study of history reminds us of the pitfalls, challenges, and triumphs of our forebears. It is not always a happy story (“All things are full of weariness,” Eccles. 1:8), but it is a worthy pursuit for those seeking wisdom. History gives us not only knowledge of the past but also understanding of the present age: how it came to be, the forces that have shaped it, and insights into the nature of humanity itself.

As you explore Texas history, we invite you to imagine yourself living in another age. Try to picture yourself in the shoes of different people—leaders and common folks alike. This is how history becomes more than a ledger of events; its telling and retelling invite us to reflect, imagine, and grow.

There is no single “correct” way to read or write history. Yet beware of idealized versions of the past—simplistic, black-and-white narratives with distinct ‘good guys’ and ‘bad guys,’ often crafted for political ends. Such histories are easy to grasp and may feel morally compelling. But wisdom doesn’t necessarily come from reading history in a simple, idealized way. Instead, try grappling with nuance, search out details, ask probing questions, and consider perspectives that may not align with your own.

History need not be boring. At its best, it is a discipline that sharpens the mind, cultivates empathy, and helps us to know ourselves more deeply.

Browse by Era

20th Century History

Annexation and Statehood (1845-1860)

Spanish Texas (1690–1821)

The Civil War

The Courthouse Era (1875-1900)

The Reconstruction Era (1865–1874)

The Republic of Texas

The Texas Revolution

Governors of Texas

Explore Texas history through the biographies of the state’s most powerful politicians — their lives, achievements, and the challenges they faced in and out of office.

Pat Neff: Pro-Labor Baptist Governor of the 1920s
Pat Neff: Pro-Labor Baptist Governor of the 1920s

Pat Neff: Pro-Labor Baptist Governor of the 1920s

Pat Morris Neff served as Texas’s 28th governor, championing public education, public parks, and Prohibition during the 1920s.
W.P. Hobby: Texas Governor Who Backed Women’s Suffrage and Alcohol Ban
W.P. Hobby: Texas Governor Who Backed Women’s Suffrage and Alcohol Ban

W.P. Hobby: Texas Governor Who Backed Women’s Suffrage and Alcohol Ban

William P. Hobby, Texas governor from 1917 to 1921, led during the Progressive Era, guiding the state through World War I, Prohibition, and the adoption of women’s suffrage.
Jim Hogg: The Governor Who Challenged the Railroad Barons
Jim Hogg: The Governor Who Challenged the Railroad Barons

Jim Hogg: The Governor Who Challenged the Railroad Barons

A self-styled champion of the “plain people,” James Hogg led a populist charge against powerful trusts and absentee corporations in 1890s Texas.
“Pappy” O’Daniel: Populism and Political Theater in Depression-Era Texas
“Pappy” O’Daniel: Populism and Political Theater in Depression-Era Texas

“Pappy” O’Daniel: Populism and Political Theater in Depression-Era Texas

A businessman-turned-radio-star, W. Lee “Pappy” O’Daniel rose to power in 1930s Texas through musical populism, moralistic messaging, and anti-politician rhetoric.
J. Pinckney Henderson: Diplomat and First Texas Governor
J. Pinckney Henderson: Diplomat and First Texas Governor

J. Pinckney Henderson: Diplomat and First Texas Governor

A lawyer, diplomat, and early advocate for Texas annexation, J. Pinckney Henderson helped negotiate Texas’s entry into the Union before becoming its first governor in 1846.
O.B. Colquitt: From Poverty to the Texas Governor’s Mansion
O.B. Colquitt: From Poverty to the Texas Governor’s Mansion

O.B. Colquitt: From Poverty to the Texas Governor’s Mansion

Governor of Texas from 1911 to 1915, Oscar Colquitt blended rural populism with pro-business policies and opposition to Prohibition.
James Throckmorton: The Texas Governor Ousted by the U.S. Army
James Throckmorton: The Texas Governor Ousted by the U.S. Army

James Throckmorton: The Texas Governor Ousted by the U.S. Army

The first elected governor of Texas after the U.S. Civil War, Throckmorton was removed by General Philip Sheridan for being too lenient toward ex-Confederates.
The Forgotten Governorship of S. W. T. Lanham
The Forgotten Governorship of S. W. T. Lanham

The Forgotten Governorship of S. W. T. Lanham

Though largely forgotten today, Lanham was a leading statesman for 40 years and a hard-working governor at the dawn of the Progressive Era.
Governor Pendleton Murrah and the Collapse of the Confederacy
Governor Pendleton Murrah and the Collapse of the Confederacy

Governor Pendleton Murrah and the Collapse of the Confederacy

Plagued by chronic tuberculosis, Pendleton Murrah presided over a depleted and fragmenting wartime state from 1863 to 1865, a period in which Confederate military authorities often held more…
Francis Lubbock: Confederate Governor of Texas
Francis Lubbock: Confederate Governor of Texas

Francis Lubbock: Confederate Governor of Texas

A secessionist and zealous supporter of the Confederacy, Lubbock embraced authoritarian wartime measures, suppressing dissent and condoning extrajudicial killings of suspected Unionists.
John Ireland: Governor in the Wild West Era
John Ireland: Governor in the Wild West Era

John Ireland: Governor in the Wild West Era

From 1883 to 1887, John Ireland governed Texas during a period of westward expansion, land disputes, mass immigration, and frontier violence.
Governor Allan Shivers and the Fight to Preserve Segregation
Governor Allan Shivers and the Fight to Preserve Segregation

Governor Allan Shivers and the Fight to Preserve Segregation

Biography of the governor of Texas from 1949 to 1957, who clashed with the federal government over racial segregation laws and offshore oil revenues. Learn about his role…
Elisha M. Pease: Governor of Texas During the Post-War Military Occupation
Elisha M. Pease: Governor of Texas During the Post-War Military Occupation

Elisha M. Pease: Governor of Texas During the Post-War Military Occupation

Pease served three terms as governor, before and after the Civil War. His tenure before the war was marked by stability and growth, but his final term was…
Sam Houston’s Return: Inaugural Address as Governor, 1859
sam houston wide
Sam Houston’s Return: Inaugural Address as Governor, 1859

Sam Houston’s Return: Inaugural Address as Governor, 1859

Read Sam Houston’s final great public appeal on behalf of Unionism, moderation, and institutional reform—a summation of his vision for Texas in the face of national disunion.
Coke Stevenson: Texas Governor During the Second World War
Coke Stevenson: Texas Governor During the Second World War

Coke Stevenson: Texas Governor During the Second World War

A veteran legislator and businesslike administrator, Coke Stevenson began his governorship just four months before Pearl Harbor.
The Governorship of George W. Bush: A Forgotten Bipartisan Era
The Governorship of George W. Bush: A Forgotten Bipartisan Era

The Governorship of George W. Bush: A Forgotten Bipartisan Era

Before his presidency, George W. Bush served as Texas governor from 1995 to 2000 and partnered with Democrats to pass education reforms, child welfare programs, and tax relief.
Governor Greg Abbott: Biography, Politics, and Leadership Style
Governor Greg Abbott seated next to Speaker Dennis Bonnen with U.S. and texas flags behind him.
Governor Greg Abbott: Biography, Politics, and Leadership Style

Governor Greg Abbott: Biography, Politics, and Leadership Style

Detailed account of the life and politics of Greg Abbott, the long-serving current governor of Texas, a polarizing but powerful figure in Texas government.
Mark White: Governor of Texas in the 1980s Oil Bust Era
Mark White: Governor of Texas in the 1980s Oil Bust Era

Mark White: Governor of Texas in the 1980s Oil Bust Era

Elected in 1982 as part of the last Democratic sweep of statewide offices, Mark White led Texas through economic crisis and political change. His one term as governor,…

Primary Source Documents

 
 

The Origin of Segregated Schools in Texas

Texas had separate "colored schools" from the 1860s until the 1960s. Read the original primary sources codifying this practice.

 
 

The Texas Declaration of Independence

Signed by 60 delegates from communities across Texas, the declaration severed political ties with Mexico and proclaimed the creation of a sovereign republic.

 
 

Santa Anna's Correspondence with Andrew Jackson

These 1836 letters—one from Mexico’s captured dictator, the other from President Andrew Jackson—offer a rare glimpse into the diplomacy that shaped Texas independence.

 
 

The DeWitt Colony Charter

The De Witt colony charter, signed in Saltillo in 1825, is a foundational document for understanding Texas history and the relationship between Mexican authorities and Anglo-American settlers.

 
 

The Treaty of Velasco

After the Battle of San Jacinto, Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna signed a treaty to end the war between Mexico and the fledgling Republic of Texas.

Forgotten Texas History

 
 

The Rise and Fall of the Populist Party in 1890s Texas

Emerging from rural discontent, the Populist Party briefly reshaped Texas politics before Democrats reasserted total dominance.

 
 

Literature and Film of the Lost Cause Generation

How novels, memoirs, and films shaped the political memory of the Civil War in Texas and the South.

 
 

James Throckmorton: The Texas Governor Ousted by the Military

The first elected governor of Texas after the U.S. Civil War, Throckmorton was removed by General Philip Sheridan for being too lenient toward ex-Confederates.

 
 

The Great Bison Slaughter of the 1870s

Hunters swept across the Texas Plains in the 1870s, killing bison at a shocking pace.

 
 

Cassius Clay: Lincoln’s Forgotten Pick to Govern Postwar Texas

If Lincoln had lived, this man would have ruled Texas—and history might have taken a different path.

 
 

Santa Anna's Correspondence with Andrew Jackson

These 1836 letters—one from Mexico’s captured dictator, the other from President Andrew Jackson—offer a rare glimpse into the diplomacy that shaped Texas independence.

 
 

The Forgotten Governorship of S. W. T. Lanham

Though largely forgotten today, Lanham was a leading statesman for 40 years, culminating in his governorship from 1903 to 1907.